Hereditary Breast Cancer

Overview

• Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females and the second most common cause of death from a neoplastic disease affecting women. Up to 5%-10% of breast cancer cases are hereditary and are caused by pathogenic mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 as well as germline mutations in other high penetrant genes. Nonetheless, some of these genes have been associated with other cancers, such as ovarian, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. 
• Hereditary cancer syndromes are encountered in all medical specialties. Although they account for about 5% of all malignancies, it is of special importance to identify these patients because, unlike patients with sporadic cancers, they require special, long-term care as their predisposition can cause them to develop certain tumors at a relatively early age. These cancers can arise in the lungs, kidneys, liver, pancreas, skin, eyes, heart. Most hereditary cancers are associated with a “germline mutation” that will be present in every cell of the human body. Identification of patients at risk of inherited cancer susceptibility is dependent upon the ability to characterize genes and alterations associated with increased cancer risk as well as gathering a detailed personal and family history aiding in the identification of the mode of inheritance as well as other family members at risk of suffering from this susceptibility. Most of these genes are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.  
• The Igenomix Hereditary Breast Cancer Precision Panel can be used as a screening and diagnostic tool ultimately leading to a better management and prognosis of the disease. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in this disease using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to fully understand the spectrum of relevant genes involved, and their high or intermediate penetrance. 

Indication

The Igenomix Hereditary Breast Cancer Precision Panel is indicated in those cases where there are:  

• Individuals with personal history of breast/ovarian cancer and one of the following 
• Breast and/or ovarian or pancreatic cancer in at least two blood relatives. 
• Multiple primary breast cancers or bilateral breast cancer first diagnosed before the age of 50 years. 
• Premenopausal triple negative breast cancer diagnosed at a young age (<45 years). 
• Male breast cancer in a blood relative. 
• Ethnicities with high BRCA mutation frequency, such as Ashkenazi Jews, should be tested, even in the absence of family history. 

Clinical Utility

The clinical utility of this panel is:  

• The genetic and molecular diagnosis for an accurate clinical diagnosis of a patient with personal or family history suggestive of hereditary breast cancer.  
• Early initiation of treatment with a multidisciplinary team for appropriate surveillance, chemoprevention and risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) or risk-reduction salpingo-oophorectomy.  
• Risk assessment of asymptomatic family members according to the mode of inheritance  
• Reduce morbidity related to breast cancer or morbidity secondary to complications of surveillance and treatment. 
• Improved pathways from diagnosis to treatment in susceptible populations. 

Genes & Diseases